CHAPTER I
THE TERRACOTA ARMY: QIN SHI HUANG CHINESE REVOLUTION
A. BACKGROUND STUDY
Chinese is a
wide country with fertile land, restricted with two major rifers, Yangtze and
Yellow rifer, desert of middle Asia, tibetan plateau, and south forest. Their
offer rich heritage of culture. In Chinese, the future was reflect from the passed
to become strong, is not being same from another country Chinese has been pure
of history their keep traditions down among generation, political and history
each related others. The Chinese people is a brave to take a risk,
hard-working, and high dedication, they belived from philosophy and elements, with
that belived they decision to move aboard (especially in USA and several country
of Europe) for spread their business or start a new life with great fortune.
Chinese world trade has been supreme and force the economy of Asia and
dominating the economy of the world. This
people live in “china town” or another place, got important occupation in
American government and attack currency, it is was a reason of America to be
threatened for Chinese progress. The country of Asian where just begun for
original equipment manufacturer becomes grown asset for independent, and probably
American could be affraid to replace with Chinese for super power country. The Chinese political have to mimicry roles of
their emperor before, with proclaim their scarcity for hiding the first purpose,
competition and justify the cruelty of emperor it is another one rotten of Chinese
country beside booming population1.
1
Chinese
are highly populated country, is rising problem with the born children so that
in the early 1970s government of chinese was implemented the stringent
one-child policy, distribution of wealth and food security as pressure on the
land due to larger population increase is also issues to highlight.
As
narated in the novel The Terracotta Army:
China’s First Emperor and the Birth of
a Nation written by John Man, Chinese has passed the dynasty from time to
time. Qin dynasty ( 221-206 SM ) is the transition point for the Chinese
history, their era has made 7 states of Chinese gathered becomes one where the
warfare between the palace. Under the leadership of Chinese first emperor Qin
Shi Huang Chinese went to the gold era.
The
Qin Shi Huang emperor is a briliant leader. He would achieve some remarkable
things, like throught military conquest and diplomatic negotiation he also
succeed for abolish the feudalism system. Devided the administration of Chinese
into 36 provinces, appointing the governors and public offical, while ensured
the centralization of power in his own person. But the united maked a high
paid, he was burn the books from his predecessor, destoyed the important notes
from palace, and buryed the intellectual because against him, and this making a
fact for his abused and becomes suffering for Chinese in two millennia.
Furthermore,
Qin Shi Huang was belived in eternality, he has been paranoia and reported to
have sent many missions all over Chinese to find recipe to the immortal life.
He not want force in the real world but life beyond too. The Terracota army attended
to guard this first emperor graveyard, they also called mortal combat warriors
or Chinese ghost army. Their amount is more 8.000 warriors, 130 wagon with 520
horses, and 150 cavalry horses. The archaeologist belived have a lot of hole for finding besides discovery before.
Buryed in land from 210 SM, Terracota
army had first found in 1974 with district former near Xi’an, Shaanxi province.
The Xiyang family was worried about their village been drought and no water to irrigate their
gardens, immediately they wanted to found oasis. The oldest brother from Xiyang
was suggest for digging a land near Li mouintain for solve drought, during the
excavation they discovered pottery by stone. In March’29 1974 another one from
Xiyang member was claim if he found a pottery fragment for the first, but the
others is not confess about his claim and assume that subject is not eventful, because
they just wanted found to some oasis. They assured for found something in the
subversive is make a bad luck.
Zhao
Kangmin(1961) is another one experts said is not 100% true of their found The
Terracota in 1974. In 1948 the formers gathering was found a servant statue
with kneel gesture, that is heritage from revolution of Chinese culture and becomes
early of the next discovery. Zhao
realize this is not just unusually where Qin warriors statue was standing, he
would know from texture of statue with heavy stone but smooth pattern,
combustion process with pinyin in the old spelt. The Terracota warriors is a
unique statue, they different of individual facial expression, dress, and
posture vary depend ranks in army.
In
this research, the writer is going to analyze deeper the other sides about first
emperor whose influence the world, figures behind the palace, the strategy for
force ( war ) until the
takeover era, the terracota made, growth of terracota by using theory of
representation.
B. FOCUS OF STUDY
Based on the
background of the study, this research will be focused on the exploring of the
concept of representation reflected in the main character of John Man novel The Terracota Army: China’s First Emperor
and the Birth of Nation, Qin Shi Huang majesty and other suporting
characters. Chinese has admitted terracota as a precious heritage, overview the
past of struggle for keep respect and make chinese advanced today.
C. RESEARCH QUESTION
Based
on the background of study above, the writer would like to make research
questions as follow:
1.
What Qin Shi Huang did to influence the
Chinese revolution in John Man novel The
Terracota Army: China’s First Emperor and the Birth of Nation?
2.
How are these warriors form and what
their tell us about Chinese military strategies in the time of Qin dynasty?
D. OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
RESEARCH
In general, this
research is aimed to prove of The
Terracota Army: China’s First Emperor and the Birth of Nation written by
John Man throught the characters can be analyzed by using concept of
representation. Based on the research question, it is expected to rise inspiration
for culture of Chinese, Qin Shi Huang emperor maked a good orientation of east
– west. Sima Qian who was writing a century after qin emperor died.
E. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The
research methodology includes several important aspects of a research such as
method of research, objective of the research, tecnique of data analysis, the
unit of analysis and place and time to research:
1.
Method
of the Research
Referring to the
objective and the significance of the research, the writer uses
the qualitative method.
The qualitative method basically aims to observe people in their environment,
to intteract with them, to understand their delivery and interpretation concerning
their environment. In this research, the writer observes the people and their
culture).
Since the writer
uses the qualitative method, the data which taken are complete, deeper,
credible and meaningful so that objective of the research can be obtained. The
reason of using this method because this method is the most suitable be applied
to break the history code, and explore what inside for. The writer confront
difficulties to conjuction the words because the figure of several character
suddenly rising in the story, find the comprehensive and deep description about
feeling and norm its a matter too. But with the qualitative method its much
better for digging inspiration, adding some pictures and explain few that was be
able to obtain for complete data with high credibility. Furthermore, the
research continued on finding related theories from several experts such as
Judy Giles, Timothy Dalton, Richard Dyer and Stuart Hall. Those data are
absolutely useful to dig deeply the concept of representation. The further
analysis is to find the philosophical values concerning with the ethos and
spirit struggle. The writers chosen Stuart Hall theory, from the based that
culture is about “shared meanings”.Now language is the privileged medium in
which we make “sense” of things, in which meaning is produced and exchanged.
Meanings can only be shared through our common access to language. So language
is central to meaning and culture has always been regarded.Culture is one of
the most difficult concepts in the human and social scienes and there are many
different ways of defining it, for more simple culture its “the best that has
been thought and said in a society, their not only in the head but organize,
influence our conduct and consequently have real, practical effects.
2.
Objective
of the Research
In
general, this research is aimed to prove of novel The Terracota Army: China’s First Emperor and the Birth of Nation
written by John Man is feasible to be analyzed using the concept of
representation. Meanwhile the specific objective is to explore more deeply if
the main character and other characters in novel The Terracota Army can also be
analyzed using such concept.
Based
on those research question, it is expected to rise inspiration and motivation
for the general society. Hardworker from the experts for build the terracota
becomes whole from gather the fragment, the appricated for ancestry, spiritual
senses as represented by Qin Shi Huang emperor, and his ability for influence
the world.
3.
Tecnique
of Data Analysis
The
collected data uses a number of sources concerning the concept of
representation. The research began by analyzing John Man’s novel The Terracota Army:China’s First Emperor and
the Birth of Nation.
4.
Unit
of Analysis
Unit
analysis in this research is a novel The
Terracota Army:China’s First Emperor and the Birth of Nation written by
John Man published in 2007 by Bantam Press, London. The novel narrates is a
heritage of terracota warriors, and Qin Shi Huang for the first emperor. The
setting was in dynasty Qin when the war from palace occur. Qin Shi Huang was
mantaining their people with cruelty but in opposite his came out Chinese to be
golden era. The Terracota warriors attended for guard the graveyard emperor,
they build from prisoner, and after the finished yet they murdered by the part
of palace. The palace keep it their statue from the outside world and no one
for knowing, expected only the part of palace knew this secret warriors.
Analysis is more growth because accuracy of the terracota army found has been
doubt. The rising figures (experts) behind the terracota army adding color of
story.
5.
Place
and Time of the Research
This
research has taken place in national library at Salemba Raya street.
Furthermore the writer have a plan for search in the university of Indonesia
even in main library or culture faculty library for added references.
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