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The discipline of psychology is a giant and includes a number of subfields. Classical psychoanalysis theory created by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) the concept is covered the structure of the unconscious mind, sexsual impulses, and personality development.
In the personality development , Sigmund Freud divides psychoanalysis of human mind into three divisions. First is Id for basic personality. It’s original system of personality that represent at birth. Id is a part of the mind for responsible to all energy needed for activate the mind such as food, water, warmth, love, and sex, and no contact with reality. Id strives constantly for satisfying instinctual desire and serves the pleasure principle. If Id is not satisfied, Id try to eliminate the tension as soon as possible, for example when a hungry child, the Id want food and therefore the child cried. The id may create a mental image or fantasy of the object or person to satisfy needs. The Id process tries to find the pleasure and filled with energy received from the insticts and charged for satisfaction for the pleasure principle. The secondary process function is Ego. Ego cover out of the Id and work based reality principle. Ego also brings individual pleasure with the norms of society for regulate and control the Id and changed to realistic.
The last process is Superego. Superego work around awareness and develop during the children. When children begin to understand a lot of their impulses as biting and bedwetting are not accepted with their parents, they begin correcting the values of their parents as their own value to obtain parental approval and avoid disapproval punishment.From the personality development we could be knowing unconsciousness in childhood its happen from the id and ego.

Social psychology is concerned with our understanding of other people and multi participant situations. Personality psychology is learn about personality traits how human individual its unique from the others, concern for self actualization are more important for understanding the past like introversion, extroversion, to created and express themselves for measuring features. Cognitive psychologist investigate perception, memory, thought, knowledge, and problem solving.

Developmental psychology investigates how mental capacities and processes are transformed during life, in particular during childhood and adolescence. Clinical psychologist is the application of clinical methods for treat pathological deviant behavioursm with psychology processes.

In Clinical psychologist study there is a theory about mental illness. A mental illness is a general term that refers to a group of illness that affect the brain. According to estimates given in WHO’S World Health Report 2001 about 450 million people suffer from mental disorder snd it found in people of all religions, all countries and all society.20 Some of the major types are depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.

Personality disorder is a mental disorder comes from the side effects of anxiety and individual’s personality separates from his/ her conscious functioning. Dissociative identity disorder formerly known as a complex personality disorder is a mental disorder that comes from childhood (3 -11 years) and adolescence (12 -18 years) .They usually has a traumatic experience and occur repeatedly resulting alters different formation of two or more personality. Actually the two of these personalities; is the one body’s with different of memory, name, and character.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a psychiatrist named Richard Kluft maked a statement for commonly dissociative disorder can be defined as the loss of several or all of the normal condition under unconsciousness that includes memories of the past, personality of identity, decreased awareness of immidiate surroundings - sensation as a cause for delutions and hallucinations, with one of these identity takes control of the person's behavior and influence the body movement. The individual from dissociative identity disorder, is unable to remember important personal events or a precious moment and shape their new identity for defense mechanism, first alters is covered their personal daily activities and second is more brave to confront social and cultural issues. The diagnosis problem of people with dissociative disorder is complicated because the symptoms are not consistent and changing over time, the both of individual might be mixed disease on mood disturbance and personality disorder.

In progress, woman and man has a similar dissociative identity disorder symptoms. Lauren, Black, and Keen described dissociative disorder roled because amnesia dissociative, dissociative fugue, disturbance depersonalization and dissociative identity disorder.

A person suffering from dissociative also has the emergence of abuse of certain compounds during life reached 50% ( smoke and other psychotic drugs). And social problems: poverty and homelessness situation from family, is a common occurrence.

The disorder that we currently call schizopherenia was first identified as a disease by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926).

Kraepelin’s description of the disorder has lasted, the name he gave it was soon replaced. In 1911, a Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) changed the term Dementia Praecox into schizophrenia. Eugen Bleuler stated that schizophrenia was marked by splitting of mental associations and thought by divorce of mental process from feeling and behavior. There are two concern symptoms of schizophrenia is a positive symptoms by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought and speech, and bizarre motor behavior; from negative symptoms this refers to reduced ability or lack of ability to function normally: the person may have a disturbances problems with concentration, attention for personal hygiene, or have a loss of interest in everyday activities and withdrawal from socialities.

The American Psychiatric Association has claims the symptoms of schizophrenia come from the Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders (DSM), namely: DSM IV. There are three phases of schizophrenia evolution:

1. Prodromal

Prodmoral / Promorbid is the phase of schizophrenia before the patients into the active phase. Individual shows progressive deterioration in social and interpersonal function. This phase is characterized by several maladaptive behaviours, influenced inability to work productively, social withdrawal, difficult sleep, and poor grooming.37

2. Active Phase

In the active phase, more than 6 month patient begins showing prominent psychotic symptoms on delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and so forth. The active phase indicates full development of the disorder. When extreme symptoms the hospitalization treatment is necessary.

3. Residual

This is the final phase of schizophrenia, from diagnosed when a person has a history of prominent schizophrenic symptoms. His/ her may still be experiencing delusions, hearing voices, or showing some signs of disorganized speech or other positive symptoms typical of schizophrenia, but the intensity has decreased significantly. The symptoms are no longer as severe as they were when she was acutely ill, but indicators of the disorder are still evident.

The Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Related Disorder

Disturbance of mind is characteristic of schizophrenia, this may occur in content, form and thought process. Disturbance in thought content reflects the ideas, beliefs and interpretation of stimulus.

1. Delusions

Delusions is the idea or ideas or opinions that an individual believes a truth that does not actually exist. Most delusion fall into certain patterns: Delusions of being control (or also called Delusions of influence) is believed thoughts, feelings, and behavior are controlled by external force. Throught broadcasting delusions individual minds can be heard by others, as if the thought emitted into the air. Delutions of reference: Belief the events or comment are directed at them with specific purpose and a negative against him/her. People with delusions of reference believe when the newscaster on the local television news is reporting on their movements or that the comments of local politician at rally are directed to them. Delusions of grandeur: The mistaken belief that he was a famous and powerful person like she/he is a star and also could be regard to the importance of power, and a personal identity. Persecutory delusion: is the mistaken belief that he/she had been tortured, stalked, or become the victim of a conspiracy of people. Suppose that intelligence agents and police cooperated to arrest him. Delutions of sin and guilt: that belief that one has committed “the unpardonable sin” or has inflicted great harm on others. For example, schizophrenic patients may claim, that they have killed their children. Erotomanic delusions that another person, is in really love with her.

2. Hallucination

Hallucinations are symptoms where someone sees something that does not actually exist, see something strange like seeing someone when no one was near you. When a person having hallucinations, commonly sees, smells, or feels that no one else can see, hear, smell, or feel. It is called auditory hallucinations when a person hearing voices or music for commanding him/her to do something.Other types of hallucinations are visual hallucinations ( seeing people, objects or frightening things that are no there ), somatic hallucinations ( schizophrenic feel like there something touches their bodies ), olfactory hallucinations (smelling things that aren’t there and other people can no detect), gustatory hallucinations (tasted things that are not there). Hypnocompic hallucinations are arise in someone hallucinations where as if she was awake but actually she sleep. These types of hallucinations often experienced by schizophrenic even though not all the types are all experienced at the same time.

3. Catatonia

In 1843, French neurologist and psychiatrist Jules Baillarger described a syndrome in which patients appeared in unconsciousness phase, with fixed gaze, a facial expression of frozen astonishment, muteness, and indifference. The condition later became known as catatonia.

Originally catatonia was believed to be a type of schizophrenia, but more recent studies found that more than one quarter of patients with mania depression from result negative emotions and influences the soul. For the newest progress, catatonia is considered a neurotic syndrome associated with several other conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and depression. Catatonia in severely depressed people has similar physical symptoms as those with catatonic schizophrenia. Characteristic of schizophrenia, this may occur in several content catatonic excitement: the body moves excitedly and gesture wildly because of overage stimulus dopamine respond , catatonic posturing the client holds bizarre postures for several time for example, like a hand flaping, catatonic stupor the slowed motor activity, often to the point of stop motion and unaware of surroundings, and waxing flexibility individuals can be formed in a certain position and purposed silent then not moved and give any attention to the environment such as stayed on the place or shape attitudes doll.

4. Disorganized of Thought and Speech

Schizophrenic speech often shows a loosening of associations. Ideas jump from one track to another, with no one regulate and continue of the topic. A person with schizophrenia may answer questions with comments that are barely related to the questions or are completely unrelated to the questions. For example, when someone asked why he is on the hospital, a man with schizophrenia might answer “Spaghetti looks like worms. I really think it’s worms”. At the times, the person’s speech is so disorganized as to be totally incoherent to the listener, when it is often referred to as word salad. Blocking: cessation of thought suddenly, before the idea or thought content delivered completed; after a pause, the man showed signs that he can not recall what he was said previously.

5. Disorder of Mood

Affective or mood symptoms in schizophrenia should be relatively by first episode symptoms such as depression. In general, from Herberner and Harlow 2002, there are two patterns of mood disorder: one is reduce emotional responsiveness, known either as blunted affect (when the patient show little emotion) or flat affect (when the patient shows no emotion). The second pattern of schizophrenic mood disturbance is innapropriate affect, the expression of emotions for unbalance situation.

6. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition typical with repetitive thoughts (obsessive) that makes people anxious. Them addiction to eliminate impulse worries thoughts with action / repetitive rituals (compulsions) such as washing hands. Usually the obsessive compulsive person is strives to be perfect and cleanest. Another characteristic is a devotion to work at the expense of leisure, they work harder than they need to at night and on weekends and rarely take time off. They also obey with regard to ethics and morals, set high principles for themselves and tend to follow the law. They are highly conscientious and threat others well. They often have trouble working with others because they wanted independent. The weakness of this person is stubborn and inflexible to express their behavior, sometimes they are also inferior.45

7. Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is afraid to leave familiar place they know and chosing to be safe. In serious case, a person with agoraphobia considers their home to be the only safe to them. Agoraphobia means ‘fear of the marketplace’ such as supermarket, shopping centres, trams, trains, planes and airports are feared the most. They are afraid to can not runaway in the public place if felt weakness from anxiety and panic attact.

8. Dependent Personality Disorder

The dependent personality disorder is an excessive need to be take care of, to be coddled, and told what to do. The dependent personality is difficult to make desicions, and need suggestion from others. The dependent person rarely takes the initiative. Because of their fear of losing the help and advice of others, and avoid disagreements with those on whom they are dependent. Dependent personalities might even agree with decisions or opinions that they feel wrong to avoid angering the persons on whom they depend. They may tolerate extreme circumstances to obtain reasurance and support from others.

A. Human Development

Human Development is the scientific study of patterns of change human in life and dealing with internal and external conditions of existence. There has eight typical major of human development.

1. Prenatal Phase

In physical developments, it is a phase conception by normal fertilization, the genetic interacts and got some influences from environmental for the first time. Its concern about body structure and brain develop begins.

Ø Ability developments: abilities to learn and remember for respond sensory stimuli are develops.

Ø Psychososial developments: stimulus respond to mother voice and develops a preference for it.

2. Infacy and Toddlerhood ( birth to age 3 )

Ø Phsycical developments: all senses and body systems start operate, and brain grows in complexity: and is highly sensitive to enviromental influence with signs physical growth and development of motor skills are fastly

Ø Ability developments: abilities to learn and remember are present, use the symbols and ability to increase the memory, comprehension and use of language develop rapidly.

Ø Physycosocial developments: self-awareness develops, moving from dependence to active and interest to other children increased.

3. Early Childhood ( ages 3 to 6 )

Ø Physical developments: growth is steady, appearance becomes more slender , appetite diminishes and sleep problem are common, appears fine and gross motor skills with strength to improve.

Ø Ability developments: thinking egocentric, but understanding other people perspective is growing, memory about dream more increased, intelligence becomes more predictable, and language more improved is commonly in preschool experience and kindergarten.

Ø Physcosocial developments: self concept and understanding of emotions become more complex; interdependence, initiative, and self control increase, gender identity develops, play becomes more imaginative, more elaborate, and usually more social. Altruism and aggression, is fearfullness are common, family is still the focus of social life, but children becomes more important.

4. Middle Childhood ( ages 6 to 11 )

Ø Physical developments: growth slows, strenghth and athletic skill improve, respiratory illnesses are common, but health is generally better than at any other time in the life span.

Ø Ability developments: egocentrism diminishes, children begin to think logically and correctly, memory and language increase, permit children to benefit from formal schooling by develop her/ his talent, some children show special educational needs and strength.

Ø Physycosocial developments: self concept becomes more complex, affecting self-esteem, reflects gradual shift in control from parents to child.

5. Adolescence ( ages 11 to about 20 )

Ø Physical developments: physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound, reproductive maturity occurs. Major health risks arise from behavioral issues, such as depression, alcohol, and marijuana.

Ø Ability developments: ability to think abstarctly and use scientific reasoning develops, immature thinking persists in some attitudes and behaviors. Education focuses on preparation for college or vacation. Throught and moral judgments become more complex in life, besides education and choices occupational.

Ø Physycosocial developments: search for identity including sexual identity, becomes important, relationships with parents are generally good if not occurred divorce the environment may exert a positive or negative influence.

6. Emerging and Young Adulthood ( ages 20 to 40 )

Ø Physical developments: Physical condition peaks, then declines slightly. Lifestyle choices influence health.

Ø Ability developments: Throught and moral judgments become more complex in life, besides education and choices occupational.

Ø Physycosocial developments: Personality traits become relatively stable, but changes in personality may be influenced by life stages and events. Intimate relationships and personal lifestyles are established but depends situation for continues.

7. Middle Adulthood ( ages 40 to 65 )

Ø Physical developments: slow deterioration of sensory brain abilities, healt and stamina start decrase, women experiences menopause.

Ø Ability developments: Mental abilities peak, expertise and practical problem-solving skill are high. Creativity may decline, but improve in quality. For some career success and earing power peak; for others, tried to change career may occur.

Ø Physycosocial developments: sense of identity continues to develop; transition in midlife may occur, dual responsibilities of caring for children and parents may cause stress.

8. Late Adulthood ( age 65 and over )

Ø Physical developments: most people are healty and active, although health and physical abilities generally decline, reaction of slowing and affects some aspect of functioning.

Ø Ability developments: most people are mentally alert, although intelligence and memory may deteriorate in some areas, most people find ways to solution.

Physychosocial developments: retirement from workforce may occur and may offer new options for use of time, people develop more flexible strategies to cope with personal losses and impending death, relationships with family and close friends can provide important support, search for meaning in life and assumes is importance.